Chart PatternsIntermediate

Head and Shoulders (and Inverse)

How to identify a head and shoulders and an inverse head and shoulders, where the neckline is, how the measured target is calculated and how the pattern fails.

Library categories

What it means

A head and shoulders is three peaks: a left shoulder, a higher head, and a lower right shoulder, with a neckline drawn through the two lows between them. A close below the neckline completes the pattern.

The inverse head and shoulders is the mirror image at a bottom.

Why traders use it

The right shoulder failing to make a new high is a lower high; the neckline break is a lower low. In structural terms the pattern is a change of character drawn as a shape.

Chart examples

Head and shoulders top

Left shoulderHeadRight shoulderNecklineNeckline breakMeasured target
Three peaks with a higher head; the close below the neckline completes it, and the head-to-neckline height gives the target.

Inverse head and shoulders

Left shoulderHeadRight shoulderNeckline break
The mirror image at a bottom; the close above the neckline completes it.Schematic diagrams drawn to explain the idea; they are not market data.

How to identify it objectively

  • 1Three peaks with the middle one highest.
  • 2Neckline through the two troughs (it may slope).
  • 3Completion only on a candle close beyond the neckline.
  • 4Target = head-to-neckline height projected from the break.

Bullish use

  • 1Inverse pattern after a decline.
  • 2Close above the neckline completes it.
  • 3Target: neckline + height; stop below the right shoulder.

Bearish use

  • 1Pattern after a rally.
  • 2Close below the neckline completes it.
  • 3Target: neckline − height; stop above the right shoulder.

What confirms it

  • A neckline close.
  • Weaker momentum on the right shoulder.
  • A retest of the neckline from the other side.

What invalidates it

  • Price closes back above the neckline after the break (bearish case).
  • Right shoulder exceeds the head.

How a hypothetical setup is built

Entry

On the neckline close or its retest.

Stop

Beyond the right shoulder.

Target

The measured height from the neckline.

A hypothetical illustration of how the concept is turned into a plan, not a recommendation. Practise it on a paper account first.

Historical testing

Not tested on The Tradeskill. Pattern detection needs a swing rule; record how many patterns never reached the neckline at all.

Limitations: when it fails

  • Many "patterns" are seen only after the fact.
  • Necklines can be drawn several ways.
  • Measured targets are approximations.

Knowledge check

Pick an answer to see the explanation. Nothing is saved.

When is a head and shoulders complete?

1. When is a head and shoulders complete?

The measured target uses…

2. The measured target uses…

In structure terms, the neckline break is…

3. In structure terms, the neckline break is…

Practise it risk-free

Open the free chart, use replay to go back in time and look for this concept candle by candle with $20,000 in virtual money.